Just in case this filter mess isn't complicated enough, I can throw another wrench in the mix for you. I have verified that NAPA Gold filters are no longer being made exclusively by WIX.MANN/HUMMELL. NAPA has contracted with
https://premiumguard.com/ to produce some of their NAPA Gold branded filters. This is due to the ever escalating price increases from WIX and their inability to supply NAPA with certain product in a timely manner. I have no idea of the quality of the Premium Guard brand. They have been in business over 30 years with some USA manufacturing and a plant in Ohio. Check their web site. So in somewhat of a summary, NAPA filters could be manufactured by: WIX/MANN/HUMMELL. , Premium Guard Brands/ Champion Brands. Good luck guys.